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Human Rights in Africa

von Dr. Dr. Anton Bösl, Dr. Joseph Diescho

Legal Perspectives on their Protection and Promotion

Die Publikation beschreibt den Stand, die Entwicklung und die Transformation des afrikanischen Menschenrechtsschutzsystems. Sie erörtert die zur Verfügung stehenden rechtlichen Instrumente, Institutionen und Mechanismen. Die 12 Artikel arbeiten zugleich erreichte Ziele und bestehende Herausforderungen heraus bezüglich des Respekts für Menschenrechte in Afrika. Dies schließt Aspekte wie die Effektivität und die Implementierung von Menschenrechten auf dem Kontinent ein.

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Foreword
Desmond Tutu
v
Introduction
Anton Bösl and Joseph Diescho
vii
List of contributorsxiii
List of abbreviationsxxi
Section I
The Paradigm of Human Rights and its Relevance for Africa
Human rights between universalism and cultural relativism?
The need for anthropological jurisprudence in the globalising world

Manfred O Hinz
3
The universal in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights3
Human rights in legal anthropological perspective and the need foranthropological jurisprudence7
Conclusion26
Transitional justice and human rights in Africa
Charles Villa-Vicencio
33
Introduction33
Transitional justice35
African traditional justice systems37
Transitional justice in Africa46
Human rights education in Africa
Nico Horn
53
Introduction: Human rights education in the context of the United Nations53
Africa and the UN system57
The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights59
The road to the Decade for Human Rights Education61
The UN Decade for Human Rights Education justice in Africa62
Human rights after the UN Decade for Human Rights Education71
World Programme for Human Rights Education74
Final comments75
Section II
The International Justice System and Human Rights in Africa
The United Nations and the advancement of human rights in Africa
Wilfred Nderitu
81
Abstract81
Introduction81
Defining poverty as a human rights issue83
Synergy between the efforts of different international institutions and other actorsin the fight against poverty91
Responsibility of the State in poverty alleviation from a juristic perspective98
Conclusion101
International criminal justice and the protection of human rights in Africa
Francois-Xavier Bangamwabo
105
Introduction105
The UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda – ICTR106
The Special Court for Sierra Leone – SCSL112
The International Criminal Court – ICC117
Conclusion128
Section III
The African Union and the Regional Protection of Human Rights
The African Union: Concepts and implementation mechanisms relating to humanrights
Bience Gawanas
135
Introduction135
OAU to AU: A brief overview136
Key issues140
Strategies for enhancing human rights protection and promotion155
Conclusion160
Major African legal instruments and human rights
Sheila B Keetharuth
163
Introduction163
The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights166
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights ofWomen in Africa180
Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa188
Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Fair Trial and Legal Assistance in Africa194
The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child201
The OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa208
The Draft African Union Convention on the Protection and Assistance forInternally Displaced Persons in Africa209
The African Charter and the protection of refugees through communications beforethe African Commission215
The AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption217
Conclusion224
African courts on human rights and the African Commission
Michelo Hansungule
233
Introduction233
Evolution of the justice architecture in the AU234
The African Court of Justice and Human Rights237
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights248
Conclusion269
Section IV
Subregional Human-Rights-Related Institutions in Africa
Regional economic communities and human rights in East and southern Africa
Oliver C Ruppel
275
Introduction275
Regional economic communities in East and southern Africa284
Concluding remarks314
Regional economic communities and human rights in West Africa and the African Arabic countries
Enyinna S Nwauche
319
Introduction319
West African countries320
African Arabic countries338
Concluding remarks346
Section V
National Human Rights Institutions in Africa
Human Rights Commissions in Africa – Lessons and challenges
Chris Maina Peter
351
Introduction – Implementing human rights351
National human rights institutions in Africa352
A sample of NHRIs on the continent353
Lessons and opportunities from human rights institutions in Africa369
Challenges faced by human rights institutions in Africa369
Conclusion370
Can Truth Commissions in Africa deliver justice?
Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza
375
Introduction375
Why a Truth Commission?378
The notion of justice379
Truth Commissions in Africa: Will they deliver justice – any justice?382
Ubuntu383
Case study – Sudan385
Findings of the Commission385
Conclusion386
Appendix
African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights389

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