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Mikhail Metzel / Kremlin Pool / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 4.0

Development Policy Monitor

Russia’s Development Policy: Concepts and Implementation

by Dr. Thomas Kunze, Leonardo Salvador, Michail Khrapak

Blending development assistance and interest-driven foreign policy

With the "Monitor Development Policy" series, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation aims to shed light on the role of non-traditional donors in development cooperation. This time, we take a look at Russia, which, as part of its development policy, focuses on neighbouring states in the post-Soviet space and states in the rest of the world that are important for Russia's interests.
November 4, 2021 Ordering Information

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As the successor state to the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation can look back on a long tradition of development assistance. Having said that, the term development assistance had quite different connotations in the Eastern Bloc. For a brief period following the collapse of the USSR, Russia was itself a recipient of development aid.

With the reconstitution of the Federation and its economic recovery, Moscow returned to the fold of donor states. By the end of the 2000s, the accession of the Russian Federation to the OECD seemed probable but did not materialize in the end.                 

Moscow has been going its own way at least since the country’s break with the West in 2014. This did not, however, involve scaling down its development assistance. On the contrary, Moscow has continuously raised the level of its development funding.

The main focus of its development assistance is on the post-Soviet area – with just a few exceptions, all the successor states to the Soviet Union are recipients of Russian development assistance.

Russia’s development policy is closely aligned in many respects with its foreign, security and economic interests and objectives.

Read the full "Monitor Development Policy" here as a PDF.

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Java method "de.usu.kas.frontend.service.impl.common.KASArticleServiceImpl.getMarginalPublication(long, com.liferay.portal.kernel.theme.ThemeDisplay)" threw an exception when invoked on de.usu.kas.frontend.service.impl.common.KASArticleServiceImpl object "de.usu.kas.frontend.service.impl.common.KASArticleServiceImpl@3ef2de38"; see cause exception in the Java stack trace.
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FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: #local pub = FrontendService.article... [in template "kas-de-theme_SERVLET_CONTEXT_/templates/macros/atomic-modules/AMMarginalLinks.ftl" in macro "AMMarginalArticlePublication" at line 75, column 5]
- Reached through: @AMMarginalArticlePublication assetEntry [in template "kas-de-theme_SERVLET_CONTEXT_/templates/macros/atomic-modules/AMMarginalLinks.ftl" in macro "AMMarginalArticle" at line 66, column 9]
- Reached through: @AMMarginalArticle entry [in template "kas-de-theme_SERVLET_CONTEXT_/templates/macros/atomic-modules/AMMarginalLinks.ftl" in macro "AMMarginalArticleFilteredList" at line 182, column 9]
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1<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/functions/relatedContentUtil.ftl" /> 
2<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/functions/freemarkerUtil.ftl" /> 
3<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/debugging.ftl" /> 
4<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/functions/liferayServicesUtil.ftl" /> 
5 
6<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/page-modules/PMNavigation.ftl" /> 
7<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/page-modules/PMMarginalspalte.ftl" /> 
8<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMVenue.ftl" /> 
9<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMMarginalContent.ftl" /> 
10<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMPricing.ftl" /> 
11<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMPerson.ftl" /> 
12<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMMediaElement.ftl" /> 
13<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMDatetime.ftl" /> 
14<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMMap.ftl" /> 
15<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMMarginalLinks.ftl" /> 
16<#include "${fullTemplatesPath}/macros/atomic-modules/AMCollapsibleListItem.ftl" /> 
17 
18<#assign 
19 JournalArticleLocalService = getJournalArticleLocalService() 
20  
21  
22 
23 themeDisplay = getThemeDisplay() 
24 languageId = themeDisplay.getLocale() 
25 editmode = FrontendService.user.isPrivilegedUser(themeDisplay) 
26 
27 groupId = themeDisplay.getScopeGroupId() 
28 currentUrl = themeDisplay.getURLCurrent() 
29 
30 layout = themeDisplay.getLayout() 
31 layouttpl = layout.getTypeSettingsProperties().getProperty("layout-template-id") 
32 
33 isMicrosite = FrontendService.site.isMicrosite(groupId)!false 
34/> 
35 
36<#-- Veranstaltungen-Detail, Publikationen-Detail --> 
37<#if currentUrl?contains("/-/content") > 
38 
39 <#assign journalArticle = FrontendService.article.getArticleToUrl(currentUrl, groupId?number)! > 
40 
41 <#if journalArticle?has_content> 
42 <#if journalArticle.resourcePrimKey??> 
43 <#assign primaryKey = journalArticle.resourcePrimKey?number > 
44 <#elseif journalArticle.classPK??> 
45 <#assign primaryKey = journalArticle.classPK?number > 
46 </#if> 
47 
48 <#assign 
49 jsonString = FrontendService.article.getWebcontent(primaryKey) 
50 json = FrontendService.json.parseAsJson(jsonString) 
51 /> 
52 
53 
54 <@debugJsonString jsonString "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE" /> 
55 
56 <#if hasContent('title', locale, json)> 
57 <#assign 
58 pageName = "" 
59 title = " - " + getValueForLanguage("title", languageId, json, "first") 
60 /> 
61 <#if isMicrosite > 
62 <#assign 
63 pageGroup = layout.getGroup() 
64 pageName = " - " + htmlUtil.escape(pageGroup.getDescriptiveName()) 
65 /> 
66 </#if> 
67  
68 </#if> 
69 
70 <#assign content = getMarginalContent(json, locale, primaryKey, FrontendService, JournalArticleLocalService, themeDisplay) >  
71 
72 
73 <#if hasContent('ausgebucht', locale, json)> 
74 <#assign content = content + { "ausgebucht" : getValueForLanguage('ausgebucht', locale, json, "first") }> 
75 </#if> 
76 
77 <#if hasContent('storniert', locale, json)> 
78 <#assign content = content + { "storniert" : getValueForLanguage('storniert', locale, json, "first") }> 
79 </#if> 
80 
81 <#if hasContent('document_pdfDMTBASICDOCUMENT', locale, json)> 
82 <#assign 
83 pdfDocumentString = getValueForLanguage('document_pdfDMTBASICDOCUMENT', locale, json, "first") 
84 pdfDocument = FrontendService.json.parseAsJson(pdfDocumentString) 
85 fileEntry = FrontendService.media.getFileEntry(pdfDocument.uuid, pdfDocument.groupId?number)!/> 
86 <#if fileEntry?has_content> 
87 <#assign 
88 linkToThumbnail = FrontendService.link.getThumbnailSrc(fileEntry , themeDisplay) 
89 covermedia = getDefaultMediaObject(linkToThumbnail, "pdf cover") 
90 covermedia = covermedia + {"hrefSource" : content.pdfBasicDocumentUrl.url } 
91 content = content + { "covermedia": covermedia } 
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93 </#if> 
94 </#if> 
95 
96 <#if layouttpl?contains("LAYOUT_KASDE_VERANSTALTUNGEN_DETAIL")> 
97 <#assign calendar = FrontendService.event.createCalendarFile(primaryKey, locale) /> 
98 <#assign content = content + {"calendar": calendar } /> 
99 </#if> 
100 <#elseif (editmode?? && editmode)> 
101 <@errorMessage languageUtil.get(locale, "kein.journalArticle.gefunden") "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE" layouttpl /> 
102 </#if> 
103 
104<#-- Themen-Detail and others --> 
105<#else> 
106 <#-- content in marginalspalte --> 
107 <#if entries?has_content> 
108 <#assign 
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110 primaryKey = entry.classPK?number 
111 
112 jsonString = FrontendService.article.getWebcontent(primaryKey) 
113 json = FrontendService.json.parseAsJson(jsonString) 
114 /> 
115 <@debugJsonString jsonString "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE" /> 
116 <@debugJson json "MARGINALSPALTE_CONTENT_JSON" /> 
117 
118 <#assign content = getMarginalContent(json, locale, primaryKey, FrontendService, JournalArticleLocalService, themeDisplay) > 
119 <#elseif (editmode?? && editmode)> 
120 <@errorMessage languageUtil.get(locale, "es.existieren.keine.entries") "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE" layouttpl /> 
121 </#if> 
122</#if> 
123 
124 
125<#if content??> 
126 <#if layouttpl?contains("LAYOUT_KASDE_VERANSTALTUNGEN_DETAIL")> 
127 <#assign type = "veranstaltung" /> 
128 
129 <#elseif layouttpl?contains("LAYOUT_KASDE_PUBLIKATIONEN_DETAIL")> 
130 <#assign type = "publikation" /> 
131 <#elseif layouttpl?contains("LAYOUT_KASDE_THEMEN_DETAIL")> 
132 <#assign type = "thema" /> 
133 <#else> 
134 <#assign type = "default" /> 
135 </#if> 
136 
137 <#assign content = content + {"type": type } /> 
138 <@debugJsonString content "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE_CONTENT" /> 
139 <@PMMarginalspalte "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE" content AMArticle AMPerson AMVenue AMPricing AMMediaElement AMDatetime AMMap AMMarginalContent AMMarginalLinks/> 
140<#elseif (editmode?? && editmode)> 
141 <@errorMessage languageUtil.get(locale, "entries.enthalten.keinen.content") "ADT_KASDE_MARGINALSPALTE" layouttpl /> 
142</#if> 

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About this series

The publications of the Development Policy Monitor are part of our Monitor publication series. The Monitor series deals with one main topic at a time from the perspective of KAS experts and places it in the political and social context on the basis of a few key points.