Conventional development policy can no longer react effectively to flows of refugees from Africa to Europe and to Africa’s immense population growth. What is necessary instead is a European-African initiative, realized by a public-private partnership, with the goal of developing a conurbation in terms of economic policy, which creates completely new economic cycles as well as humane economic and social conditions in the Mediterranean – so to speak a Marshall Plan for Africa. Such a project would also be a great chance for Europe.