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All at sea?

by Ian Bond

UK-German co-operation in the Nordic-Baltic region

This paper explores the potential for UK-German security cooperation in the Nordic-Baltic region, a strategically vital area for both countries that remains under pressure from Russian influence. As competition in the region persists, particularly in the Baltic Sea, which is far from a peaceful 'NATO lake,' both the UK and Germany are already engaged in strengthening regional security. The UK plays a key role through its leadership in the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) and NATO deployments in Estonia, while Germany enhances its land and maritime presence, notably with a brigade stationed in Lithuania and the Baltic Maritime Component Command.

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Despite overlapping interests and participation in multilateral forums, direct UK-German cooperation in the region has been limited. This paper identifies opportunities for both nations to bridge gaps, strengthen NATO's defense posture, and collaborate on protecting critical infrastructure like energy and communications. Addressing mutual suspicions and fostering closer dialogue about threats and capability gaps could pave the way for more effective regional security efforts.

The paper argues for a reevaluation of the JEF's role post-Brexit, greater involvement of both countries in NATO’s command structure, and enhanced bilateral initiatives to safeguard regional stability in the face of ongoing Russian threats. By fostering closer collaboration, the UK and Germany have an opportunity to ensure long-term security in a region that is strategically and economically crucial to both.

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Dr. Canan Atilgan

Dr. Canan Atilgan

Head of International Office United Kingdom and Ireland

canan.atilgan@kas.de +44 (0)20 7834 4119
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Lukas Wick

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Project Manager / Research Associate

lukas.wick@kas.de +44 20 783441-19

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