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Country reports

Presidential Election in Croatia 2025

by Jakov Devčić, Marko Prusina, Juro Avgustinović, Björn Emig

Milanović Secures a Decisive Victory, Highlighting Political Divisions and Tensions with the Government

On January 12, 2025, the second round of Croatia's presidential election took place. With a voter turnout of 44.18 %, incumbent President Zoran Milanović, supported by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), secured 74.68 % of the votes, defeating his opponent Dragan Primorac, backed by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ). Milanović, president since 2020 and former prime minister (2011-2016), led a polarizing campaign that heavily criticized the government and his rival, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković. His decisive victory underscores the continuation of his strategy to attract protest voters.

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The election highlighted political divisions in Croatia. Milanović consolidated support through direct rhetoric and a focus on sovereignty. In contrast, Primorac, perceived as politically unaffiliated despite being supported by the HDZ, struggled to mobilize sufficient backing, even among HDZ voters. Milanović successfully portrayed himself as an independent leader, which could pose long-term challenges for the SDP, given his departure from traditional social democratic positions.

The role of the Croatian president has been significantly diminished since constitutional reforms in 2000, with powers now primarily limited to representative and security-related functions. Nonetheless, presidential elections often serve as a platform for expressing public dissatisfaction with the government, highlighting the importance of the candidate's personal appeal.

In his second term, Milanović is expected to maintain his confrontational stance toward Plenković while addressing issues such as EU migration policies, the Schengen Area, and relations with NATO and the United States. The ongoing tension between the president and the government is likely to remain a defining feature of Croatia's political landscape in the years ahead.

The full-length country report is only available in German.

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Contact

Jakov Devčić

Jakov Devčić

Head of the Serbia and Montenegro Office / Acting Head of the Croatia and Slovenia Office

jakov.devcic@kas.de +381 11 4024-163 +381 11 4024-163

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