Breaking Chains: Strengthening Legal and Human Rights Strategies to Combat Human Trafficking in MENA

The conference aimed to foster regional and international exchange by bringing together participants from Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon, and Germany to establish dialogue and enhance cooperation in the fight against human trafficking. Through an exchange among equals, legal challenges related to criminal prosecution, victim protection, and prevention efforts were examined in an international context, with the goal of developing common strategies to combat this issue.

The first panel delved into the legal framework and the implementation of policies to combat human trafficking, emphasizing the role of legislative bodies, authorities, and civil society actors. Professor Najat Al-Hafizi, coordinator of the Course of Excellence in Criminal Sciences and Security Governance at the Faculty of Legal and Political Sciences at Hassan I University, provided historical insights into human trafficking and addressed emerging challenges, such as digital crimes, which demand continuous adaptation of policies.

A key focus of the conference was victim identification and support measures. Particular attention was given to marginalized groups, such as women and asylum seekers, and their specific needs in the context of rehabilitation programs and legal processes. Dean Lotfi Chedly, a professor at the Faculty of Law and Political Science in Tunis, highlighted ongoing developments in Tunisia’s resocialization institutions, stressing the need for more effective mechanisms. He also raised concerns about the deportation of foreign victims of human trafficking under the pretext of public order disruptions—a practice that undermines human dignity.

Dr. Ina Holznagel, from the Ministry of Justice of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, examined the connection between illegal immigration and exploitation, particularly in Germany. She noted that distrust in law enforcement, as well as feelings of guilt and shame, often increase the vulnerability of victims to exploitation.

The final segment of the conference focused on cross-border cooperation, emphasizing the transnational nature of human trafficking and the necessity of international collaboration to combat it. The discussion also highlighted the link between human trafficking and smuggling, calling for a coordinated global response.

In conclusion, the challenges in the fight against human trafficking are similar across the participating countries. As Philipp Bremer, Director of the KAS Rule of Law Programme for the Middle East and North Africa, pointed out, education and prevention are crucial. However, it is equally essential for civil society to remain proactive in combating human exploitation.