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Electoral Recommendations for Tanzania

Why Electrol Democracy Fails to Meet Stakeholder's Expectations in Tanzania Compared to Some Growing Democracies in Africa

Tanzania's transition to multi-party democracy in the 1990s was a milestone in its governance history. While it set the stage for citizen participation and regular electoral cycles, significant challenges persist in meeting stakeholders' expectations. Improvements such as increased voter awareness and enhanced electoral infrastructure demonstrate progress. However, the dominance of ruling parties, limited political space for opposition, and low trust in electoral processes highlight systemic flaws. In contrast, growing democracies like Ghana and Botswana have embraced more inclusive practices, robust electoral commissions, and strengthened accountability measures, fostering higher public confidence. Setbacks in Tanzania include frequent allegations of voter suppression, manipulation of electoral laws, and inadequate civic education. These issues have led to stakeholder disappointments, with many questioning the credibility of elections and the fairness of outcomes. The threats of political instability, suppression of dissent, and erosion of democratic norms further hinder Tanzania’s progress. To rebuild trust, Tanzania must prioritize transparent governance, enhance civic participation, and ensure an even playing field for all political actors. By addressing these gaps, Tanzania can draw lessons from Africa’s thriving democracies and move closer to realizing the true potential of electoral democracy.

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This report is product of invaluable contributions made by several experts, stakeholders and institutions. Tanzania Episcopal Conference (TEC) recognizes their technical, moral, material and financial supports which led to successful completion of study in Kenya and South Africa and this report as well.  
First and foremost, TEC appreciates the financial support provided by Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS-Tanzania Office) under the leadership of Dr. Tilmann Feltes (PhD), which facilitated the research team to travel to Kenya and South Africa for data collection, preparation of the draft report and holding the stakeholders’ meeting for report sharing, validation and improvement. 
Secondly, TEC would like to thank the electoral commissions for Kenya and South Africa; the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) and the Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC) respectively for receiving and cooperating the research team from TEC during data collection in July and August, 2023. In a special way, TEC appreciates the efforts made by the Commission Secretary for IEBC Mr. Marjan Hussein Marjan who travelled to Tanzania to participate into the stakeholders’ meeting held in 17th November, 2023. His open and sincere contributions and reflections on electoral democracy in Africa were highly remarkable. 
Thirdly, TEC would like to express its delightment for the honest and relevant experiences on the role of faith-based organizations and political parties in Africa for strengthening democracy shared by Dr. Holger Dix (PhD), the Director of the Regional Programme Political Dialogue Sub-Saharan Africa under KAS based in Johannesburg, South Africa. 
Fourthly, TEC is highly grateful for all commission staff from IEBC and IEC who participated actively into interviews and focus group discussions during the study visit in Kenya and South Africa respectively.

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William Hardson

Portrait William Hardson

Project Manager

william.hardson@kas.de +255 22 2153174

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